Panorama da hipertensão arterial nos quilombos do Brasil: uma revisão narrativa / Overview of Arterial Hypertension in Quilombos in Brazil: A Narrative Review

Resumo A hipertensão arterial é uma condição médica caracterizada pela elevação crônica e patológica da pressão arterial, afetando 1,13 bilhões de pessoas em todo o mundo e constituindo grave problema de saúde pública. Tem natureza multifatorial, sendo influenciada por fatores genéticos/epigenéticos, ambientais e sociais. No Brasil, a hipertensão acomete quase um quarto da população geral. No entanto, a literatura tem demonstrado que populações afrodescendentes, frequentemente às margens dos serviços básicos de saúde, são as mais acometidas. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo levantar dados de prevalência e traçar um panorama nacional da doença nas comunidades quilombolas no século XXI, por meio de revisão da literatura. Foram selecionados 15 estudos publicados entre 2001 e 2021 que preencheram os critérios metodológicos de inclusão. Os estudos retratam 140 comunidades quilombolas localizadas em 11 estados brasileiros. A prevalência global média de hipertensão nas comunidades foi de 32,1% (13,8-52,5%). Esse panorama deixa explícito que a hipertensão é um problema de saúde recorrente e de suma importância para essas populações, demandando estratégias específicas para o seu manejo.

Abstract Hypertension is a chronic medical condition characterized by pathological elevation of blood pressure, affecting 1.13 billion individuals globally and presenting a significant public health concern. Its etiology is multifactorial, influenced by genetic/epigenetic, environmental, and social factors. In Brazil, nearly a quarter of the general population experiences hypertension; however, the literature underscores its disproportionate impact on Afro-descendant communities, often marginalized from basic healthcare services. This study aims to gather prevalence data and establish a nationwide overview of hypertension within 21st-century quilombola communities through a comprehensive literature review. Fifteen studies published between 2001 and 2021, meeting the specified methodological criteria, were selected. These studies collectively encompass 140 quilombola communities spanning 11 Brazilian states. The aggregate prevalence of hypertension across these communities averages at 32.1% (ranging from 13.8% to 52.5%). This panorama unequivocally highlights the recurring and paramount health challenge posed by hypertension within these populations, underscoring the need for tailored management strategies.

Validación de los modelos de impresión 3D paciente-específicos para cirugía ortopédica oncológica pélvica / Validation of patient-specific 3D impression models for pelvic oncological orthopedic surgery

Introducción: Los tumores del anillo pélvico suponen un reto por la dificultad de obtener márgenes quirúrgicos adecuados. Herramientas como la navegación quirúrgica o la impresión 3D para la fabricación de plantillas de posicionamiento quirúrgico paciente-específicas ayudan en la planificación preoperatoria y la ejecución intraoperatoria. Su correcta colocación es fundamental en localizaciones complejas como la pelvis, por lo que es necesario identificar los errores de posicionamiento. El objetivo de este estudio es demostrar la fiabilidad en la colocación de plantillas 3D para la realización de osteotomías en el anillo pélvico. Material y métodos: Estudio experimental en cadáver con 10 hemipelvis. Se realiza TC para la obtención del modelo tridimensional, planificación de osteotomías, diseño de plantillas de posicionamiento en rama isquiopubiana (I), iliopubiana (P), supracetabular (S) y cresta iliaca (C); y un marcador de posicionamiento (rigid-body) sobre las plantillas C y S para la navegación. Las plantillas y el rigid-body son impresos en 3D y se colocan según planificación previa. La navegación permite comprobar la posición final de las plantillas y de las osteotomías. Resultados: El posicionamiento de las plantillas respecto a la planificación preoperatoria varió dependiendo de la localización, siendo mayor el error en las de cresta iliaca. Utilizando la navegación, la media de error de distancia al plano de corte está en 3,5mm, excepto en pubis (5-8mm), estando condicionado por la posición del rigid body. Conclusión: El uso de plantillas paciente-específicas impresas en 3D es una herramienta fiable para la realización de osteotomías en cirugía oncológica pélvica.(AU)

Introduction: Pelvic ring tumors pose a challenge due to the difficulty in obtaining adequate surgical margins. Tools such as surgical navigation or 3D printing for the fabrication of patient-specific surgical positioning templates help in preoperative planning and intraoperative execution. Their correct positioning is essential in complex locations such as the pelvis, so it is necessary to identify positioning errors. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the reliability of 3D template placement for pelvic ring osteotomies. Material and methods: Experimental study in cadaver with 10 hemipelvis. CT was performed to obtain the three-dimensional model, planning of osteotomies, design of positioning templates in ischiopubic (I), iliopubic (P), supracetabular (S) and iliac crest (C) branches; and a positioning marker (rigid-body) on the C and S templates for navigation. The templates and rigid-body are 3D printed and positioned according to pre-planning. Navigation allows the final position of the inserts and osteotomies to be checked. Results: The positioning of the templates with respect to the preoperative planning varied depending on the location, being greater the error in those of the iliac crest. Using navigation the mean error of distance to the cutting plane is 3.5mm, except in pubis 5-8mm), being conditioned by the position of the rigid body. Conclusion: The use of patient-specific templates printed in 3D is a reliable tool for performing osteotomies in pelvic cancer surgery.(AU)

[Translated article] Validation of patient-specific 3D impression models for pelvic oncological orthopedic surgery / Validación de los modelos de impresión 3D paciente-específicos para cirugía ortopédica oncológica pélvica

Introducción: Los tumores del anillo pélvico suponen un reto por la dificultad de obtener márgenes quirúrgicos adecuados. Herramientas como la navegación quirúrgica o la impresión 3D para la fabricación de plantillas de posicionamiento quirúrgico paciente-específicas ayudan en la planificación preoperatoria y la ejecución intraoperatoria. Su correcta colocación es fundamental en localizaciones complejas como la pelvis, por lo que es necesario identificar los errores de posicionamiento. El objetivo de este estudio es demostrar la fiabilidad en la colocación de plantillas 3D para la realización de osteotomías en el anillo pélvico. Material y métodos: Estudio experimental en cadáver con 10 hemipelvis. Se realiza TC para la obtención del modelo tridimensional, planificación de osteotomías, diseño de plantillas de posicionamiento en rama isquiopubiana (I), iliopubiana (P), supracetabular (S) y cresta iliaca (C); y un marcador de posicionamiento (rigid-body) sobre las plantillas C y S para la navegación. Las plantillas y el rigid-body son impresos en 3D y se colocan según planificación previa. La navegación permite comprobar la posición final de las plantillas y de las osteotomías. Resultados: El posicionamiento de las plantillas respecto a la planificación preoperatoria varió dependiendo de la localización, siendo mayor el error en las de cresta iliaca. Utilizando la navegación, la media de error de distancia al plano de corte está en 3,5mm, excepto en pubis (5-8mm), estando condicionado por la posición del rigid body. Conclusión: El uso de plantillas paciente-específicas impresas en 3D es una herramienta fiable para la realización de osteotomías en cirugía oncológica pélvica.(AU)

Introduction: Pelvic ring tumors pose a challenge due to the difficulty in obtaining adequate surgical margins. Tools such as surgical navigation or 3D printing for the fabrication of patient-specific surgical positioning templates help in preoperative planning and intraoperative execution. Their correct positioning is essential in complex locations such as the pelvis, so it is necessary to identify positioning errors. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the reliability of 3D template placement for pelvic ring osteotomies. Material and methods: Experimental study in cadaver with 10 hemipelvis. CT was performed to obtain the three-dimensional model, planning of osteotomies, design of positioning templates in ischiopubic (I), iliopubic (P), supracetabular (S) and iliac crest (C) branches; and a positioning marker (rigid-body) on the C and S templates for navigation. The templates and rigid-body are 3D printed and positioned according to pre-planning. Navigation allows the final position of the inserts and osteotomies to be checked. Results: The positioning of the templates with respect to the preoperative planning varied depending on the location, being greater the error in those of the iliac crest. Using navigation the mean error of distance to the cutting plane is 3.5mm, except in pubis 5-8mm), being conditioned by the position of the rigid body. Conclusion: The use of patient-specific templates printed in 3D is a reliable tool for performing osteotomies in pelvic cancer surgery.(AU)

Tocilizumab en el tratamiento del rechazo humoral crónico activo resistente a terapia estándar / Tocilizumab in the treatment of active chronic humoral rejection resistant to standard therapy

Introducción: No existe consenso sobre el tratamiento más adecuado para el rechazo humoral crónico activo (RHCa). Estudios recientes sugieren que el tratamiento con tocilizumab (TCZ) puede estabilizar la función del injerto, disminuir la intensidad de los anticuerpos anti-HLA donante-específicos (ADEs) y reducir la inflamación de la microcirculación. Pacientes y métodos: Estudio observacional con pacientes trasplantados renales diagnosticados de RHCa (n = 5) que no habían presentado respuesta al tratamiento tradicional basado en la combinación de recambios plasmáticos, inmunoglobulinas y rituximab. A los pacientes se les indicó tratamiento con TCZ como uso compasivo en seis dosis mensuales (8 mg/kg/mes). Durante el seguimiento se monitorizó la función renal, proteinuria y la intensidad de los ADEs. Resultados: Cinco pacientes, de edad media 60 ± 13 años, tres de género masculino y dos retrasplantes (cPRA medio 55%) con ADEs preformados. El tratamiento con TCZ se inició a los 47 ± 52 días de la biopsia. En dos casos se suspendió el tratamiento tras la primera dosis, por bicitopenia severa con viremia por citomegalovirus y por fracaso del injerto, respectivamente. En los tres pacientes que completaron el tratamiento no se observó estabilidad de la función renal (creatinina sérica [Cr-s] de 1,73 ± 0,70 a 2,04 ± 0,52 mg/dL, filtrado glomerular estimado [FGRe] de 46 ± 15 a 36 ± 16 mL/min), presentaron aumento de la proteinuria (3,2 ± 4,0 a 6,9 ± 11,0 g/g) y la intensidad de los ADEs se mantuvo estable. No se observaron cambios en el grado de inflamación de la microcirculación (glomerulitis y capilaritis peritubular [g+cpt] 4,2 ± 0,8 vs. 4,3 ± 1,0), ni en el grado de glomerulopatía del trasplante (glomerulopatía crónica [cg] 1,2 ± 0,4 vs. 1,8 ± 1,0). (AU)

Introduction: There is no consensus on the most appropriate treatment for chronic active antibody-mediated rejection (cAMR). Recent studies suggest that treatment with tocilizumab (TCZ) may stabilize graft function, decrease the intensity of donor-specific HLA antibodies (DSAs) and reduce inflammation of microcirculation. Patients and methods: Observational study with renal allograft recipients diagnosed with cAMR (n = 5) who had not submitted a response to traditional treatment based on the combination of plasma replacements, immunoglobulins, and rituximab. Patients were told to be treated with TCZ as compassionate use in six doses per month (8 mg/kg/month). Renal function, proteinuria, and the intensity of DSAs were monitored during follow-up. Results: Five patients, average age 60 ± 13 years, three male and two retrasplants (cPRA average 55%) with preformed DSAs. Treatment with TCZ was initiated within 47 ± 52 days of biopsy. In two cases treatment was discontinued after the first dose, by severe bicitopenia with cytomegalovirus viremia and by graft failure, respectively. In the three patients who completed treatment, no stability of renal function (serum creatinine from 1.73 ± 0.70 to 2.04 ± 0.52 mg/dL, e-FGR 4 6 ± 15 to 36 ± 16 mL/min), showed increased proteinuria (3.2 ± 4.0 to 6.9 ± 11.0 g/g) and the intensity of DSAs maintain stable. No changes were observed in the degree of inflammation of microcirculation (g + pt 4.2 ± 0.8 vs. 4.3 ± 1.0) or in the degree of transplant glomerulopathy (cg 1.2 ± 0.4 vs. 1.8 ± 1.0). (AU)

[Translated article] Validation of patient-specific 3D impression models for pelvic oncological orthopedic surgery.

INTRODUCTION: Pelvic ring tumours pose a challenge due to the difficulty in obtaining adequate surgical margins. Tools such as surgical navigation or 3D printing for the fabrication of patient-specific surgical positioning templates help in preoperative planning and intraoperative execution. Their correct positioning is essential in complex locations such as the pelvis, so it is necessary to identify positioning errors. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the reliability of 3D template placement for pelvic ring osteotomies. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Experimental study in cadaver with 10 hemipelvis. CT was performed to obtain the three-dimensional model, planning of osteotomies, design of positioning templates in ischiopubic (I), iliopubic (P), supracetabular (S) and iliac crest (C) branches; and a positioning marker (rigid-body) on the C and S templates for navigation. The templates and rigid-body are 3D printed and positioned according to pre-planning. Navigation allows the final position of the inserts and osteotomies to be checked. RESULTS: The positioning of the templates with respect to the preoperative planning varied depending on the location, being greater the error in those of the iliac crest. Using navigation the mean error of distance to the cutting plane is 3.5mm, except in pubis (5-8mm), being conditioned by the position of the rigid body. CONCLUSION: The use of patient-specific templates printed in 3D is a reliable tool for performing osteotomies in pelvic cancer surgery.

Myositis-associated Interstitial Lung Disease: Clinical Characteristics and Factors Related to Pulmonary Function Improvement: A Latin-American Multicenter Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: ILD patients can be positive to highly specific autoantibodies of connective tissue diseases (CTD). Among them stand out myositis-specific and associated autoantibodies (MSA/MAA). There is limited knowledge about treatment response and prognosis of ILD patients positive to MSA/MAA (MSA/MAA-ILD). Our aim was to describe clinical, radiological and pulmonary function (PF) of MSA/MAA-ILD Latin-American patients and risk factors associated to PF at onset and long term follow up. METHODS: Multicentric retrospective study of MSA/MAA-ILD patients evaluated between 2016 and 2018 in 3 ILD clinics in Latin America. Clinical, functional and tomographic variables were described. Variables associated with poor baseline PF and associated with functional improvement (FI) were analyzed in a multivariate logistic regression model. RESULTS: We included 211 patients, 77.4% female, mean age 57 years old. Most frequent MSA/MAA were Ro-52 and Jo-1. Poor baseline PF was associated to ILD as initial diagnosis and NSIP/OP HRCT pattern. 121 patients were included in the follow up PF analysis: 48.8% remained stable and 33% had a significant FI. In multivariate analysis, OP pattern on HRCT was associated with FI. Systemic symptoms from the beginning and the absence of sclerodactyly showed a trend to be associated with FI. CONCLUSIONS: Worse baseline PF could be related to the absence of extra-thoracic symptoms and "classic" antibodies in CTD (ANA), which causes delay in diagnosis and treatment. In contrast, FI could be related to the presence of extra-thoracic signs that allow timely diagnosis and therapy, and more acute and subacute forms of ILD, such as OP pattern.

Myositis-associated Interstitial Lung Disease: Clinical Characteristics and Factors Related to Pulmonary Function Improvement: A Latin-American Multicenter Cohort Study / Enfermedad pulmonar intersticial asociada con miositis: Características clínicas y factores relacionados con la mejoría de la función pulmonar. Estudio latinoamericano multicéntrico de cohorte

Background and objectives: ILD patients can be positive to highly specific autoantibodies of connective tissue diseases (CTD). Among them stand out myositis-specific and associated autoantibodies (MSA/MAA). There is limited knowledge about treatment response and prognosis of ILD patients positive to MSA/MAA (MSA/MAA-ILD). Our aim was to describe clinical, radiological and pulmonary function (PF) of MSA/MAA-ILD Latin-American patients and risk factors associated to PF at onset and long term follow up. Methods: Multicentric retrospective study of MSA/MAA-ILD patients evaluated between 2016 and 2018 in 3 ILD clinics in Latin America. Clinical, functional and tomographic variables were described. Variables associated with poor baseline PF and associated with functional improvement (FI) were analyzed in a multivariate logistic regression model. Results: We included 211 patients, 77.4% female, mean age 57 years old. Most frequent MSA/MAA were Ro-52 and Jo-1. Poor baseline PF was associated to ILD as initial diagnosis and NSIP/OP HRCT pattern. 121 patients were included in the follow up PF analysis: 48.8% remained stable and 33% had a significant FI. In multivariate analysis, OP pattern on HRCT was associated with FI. Systemic symptoms from the beginning and the absence of sclerodactyly showed a trend to be associated with FI. Conclusions: Worse baseline PF could be related to the absence of extra-thoracic symptoms and “classic” antibodies in CTD (ANA), which causes delay in diagnosis and treatment. In contrast, FI could be related to the presence of extra-thoracic signs that allow timely diagnosis and therapy, and more acute and subacute forms of ILD, such as OP pattern.(AU)

Antecedentes y objetivos: Los pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar intersticial (EPI) pueden presentar positividad para autoanticuerpos específicos de enfermedades autoinmunes, como los anticuerpos mioespecíficos (AME) o mioasociados (AMA). Existe escasa información disponible sobre pronóstico y respuesta al tratamiento de estos pacientes. Nuestro objetivo fue describir las características clínicas, radiológicas, funcionales y pronósticas de una cohorte latinoamericana de pacientes con EPI y AME/AMA. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo multicéntrico de una cohorte pacientes con EPI y AME/AMA, evaluados en tres centros latinoamericanos entre 2016 y 2018. Describimos variables clínicas, tomográficas y funcionales. Analizamos variables asociadas con valores funcionales bajos al inicio y mejoría funcional mediante regresión logística. Resultados: Incluimos 211 pacientes, 77,4% mujeres, con una media de edad de 57 años. Los anticuerpos más frecuentes fueron Ro-52 y Jo-1. Valores funcionales bajos al inicio se asociaron con la presencia de EPI desde el debut y con un patrón de neumonía intersticial no específica (NINE)/neumonía organizativa (NO) en la tomografía computarizada de alta resolución (TACAR). Se analizó la evolución funcional en 121 pacientes: 48% permanecieron estables y 33% presentaron mejoría. El patrón de NO en TACAR, se asoció significativamente con mejoría funcional, mientras que la presencia de EPI desde el debut y la ausencia de esclerodactilia mostraron una tendencia en el análisis multivariado. Conclusiones: Valores funcionales bajos al debut podrían asociarse con la ausencia de síntomas extratorácicos al inicio, por llevar a un diagnóstico y tratamiento tardíos. Por el contrario, la presencia de síntomas sistémicos al debut, junto con formas más agudas de EPI como NINE/NO podrían asociarse con mejoría funcional por permitir un diagnóstico y tratamiento precoz.(AU)

Alternativas al encarcelamiento de las personas con problemas de salud mental: experiencias internacionales / Alternatives to incarceration for people with mental health problems: international experiences

Partiendo de la realidad de la plétora de personas con trastorno mental que pueblan las cárceles de países occidentales, la precaria atención clínica que reciben y el consiguiente efecto negativo que la estancia en prisión tiene para su porvenir, abordamos en este artículo los datos más relevantes de la relación entre delito y trastorno mental, y revisamos las experiencias más actuales en lo que se refiere a medidas alternativas a la prisión para personas con trastorno mental. Entre todas ellas nos ocupamos de revisar la experiencia de los tribunales especializados en EE. UU. que, desde la perspectiva de la Justicia Terapéutica, ofrecen programas alternativos a la prisión, con el objetivo de buscar una oportunidad para la recuperación de los pacientes. (AU)

Starting from the reality of the plethora of people with mental disorders that populate the prisons of Western countries, the precarious clinical care they receive, and the consequent negative effects that the stay in prison have on their future, in this article we review the most relevant aspects of the relationship between crime and mental disorder, and the newest experiences regarding alternative measures to prison for people with mental disorders. Among all of them, we examine the experience of specialized courts in the US, which, from the perspective of Therapeutic Justice, offer alternative programs to prison, aiming at offering an opportunity for the recovery of patients. (AU)

Tocilizumab in the treatment of active chronic humoral rejection resistant to standard therapy.

INTRODUCTION: There is no consensus on the most appropriate treatment for chronic active antibody-mediated rejection (cAMR). Recent studies suggest that treatment with tocilizumab (TCZ) may stabilize graft function, decrease the intensity of donor-specific HLA antibodies (DSAs) and reduce inflammation of microcirculation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Observational study with renal allograft recipients diagnosed with cAMR (n = 5) who had not submitted a response to traditional treatment based on the combination of plasma replacements, immunoglobulins, and rituximab. Patients were told to be treated with TCZ as compassionate use in six doses per month (8 mg/kg/month). Renal function, proteinuria, and the intensity of DSAs were monitored during follow-up. RESULTS: Five patients, average age 60 ± 13 years, three male and two retrasplants (cPRA average 55%) with preformed DSAs. Treatment with TCZ was initiated within 47 ± 52 days of biopsy. In two cases treatment was discontinued after the first dose, by severe bicitopenia with cytomegalovirus viremia and by graft failure, respectively. In the three patients who completed treatment, no stability of renal function (serum creatinine from 1.73 ± 0.70 to 2.04 ± 0.52 mg/dL, e-FGR 4 6 ± 15 to 36 ± 16 mL/min), showed increased proteinuria (3.2 ± 4.0 to 6.9 ± 11.0 g/g) and the intensity of DSAs maintain stable. No changes were observed in the degree of inflammation of microcirculation (g+pt 4.2 ± 0.8 vs. 4.3 ± 1.0) or in the degree of transplant glomerulopathy (cg 1.2 ± 0.4 vs. 1.8 ± 1.0). CONCLUSIONS: TCZ therapy does not appear to be effective in modifying the natural history of chronic active antibody-mediated rejection, does not improve the degree of inflammation of microcirculation and does not reduces the intensity of DSAs.

Validation of patient-specific 3D impression models for pelvic oncological orthopedic surgery. / Validación de los modelos de impresión 3D paciente-específicos para cirugía ortopédica oncológica pélvica.

INTRODUCTION: Pelvic ring tumors pose a challenge due to the difficulty in obtaining adequate surgical margins. Tools such as surgical navigation or 3D printing for the fabrication of patient-specific surgical positioning templates help in preoperative planning and intraoperative execution. Their correct positioning is essential in complex locations such as the pelvis, so it is necessary to identify positioning errors. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the reliability of 3D template placement for pelvic ring osteotomies. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Experimental study in cadaver with 10 hemipelvis. CT was performed to obtain the three-dimensional model, planning of osteotomies, design of positioning templates in ischiopubic (I), iliopubic (P), supracetabular (S) and iliac crest (C) branches; and a positioning marker (rigid-body) on the C and S templates for navigation. The templates and rigid-body are 3D printed and positioned according to pre-planning. Navigation allows the final position of the inserts and osteotomies to be checked. RESULTS: The positioning of the templates with respect to the preoperative planning varied depending on the location, being greater the error in those of the iliac crest. Using navigation the mean error of distance to the cutting plane is 3.5mm, except in pubis (5-8mm), being conditioned by the position of the rigid body. CONCLUSION: The use of patient-specific templates printed in 3D is a reliable tool for performing osteotomies in pelvic cancer surgery.

Accelerated atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease in systemic lupus erythematosus / Aterosclerosis acelerada y enfermedad cardiovascular en el lupus eritematoso sistémico

ABSTRACT Cardiovascular disease (CVD), particularly coronary heart disease and stroke, is one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The increased prevalence of CVD and subclinical atherosclerosis, even after adjustment for traditional risk factors, are well established. Several associations with disease-related clinical, genetic and immunological features have been identified. The SLE-specific stratification algorithms with emphasis on composite risk-assessment scores including both traditional risk factors and novel biomarkers is recommended. The clinical complexity of accelerated atherosclerosis will most likely require an integrated approach for the identification, treatment, and intensive study into this aspect of SLE that will ultimately lead to improved cardiovascular outcomes for these patients.

RESUMEN La enfermedad cardiovascular (ECV), en particular la enfermedad coronaria y el ictus, es una de las causas más importantes de morbimortalidad en pacientes con lupus eritematoso sistémico (LES). El aumento en la prevalencia de la ECV y de la aterosclerosis subclínica, aun después del ajuste de los factores de riesgo tradicionales, está claramente establecida. Se han identificado diversas asociaciones con características clínicas, genéticas e inmunológicas relacionadas con la enfermedad. Se recomienda el uso de los algoritmos de estratificación específicos para el LES, con énfasis en los puntajes compuestos de evaluación de riesgo, incluyendo tanto los factores de riesgo tradicionales como los nuevos biomarcadores. La complejidad clínica de la aterosclerosis acelerada muy probablemente requerirá un abordaje integral para la identificación, el tratamiento y el estudio intensivo de este aspecto del LES, que en última instancia permita obtener mejores desenlaces cardiovasculares en estos pacientes.

Características clínicas, inmunológicas y daño de órganos en pacientes con miopatías inflamatorias idiopáticas / Organ damage clinical and immunological characteristics in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies

Introducción: Las miopatías inflamatorias idiopáticas constituyen un grupo de enfermedades musculares caracterizadas por debilidad muscular crónica e inflamación muscular de etiología desconocida. Objetivo: Identificar las características clínicas e inmunológicas y su relación con el daño de órganos en los pacientes con miopatías inflamatorias idiopáticas. Métodos: Se realizó estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal, en 52 pacientes con diagnóstico de miopatía inflamatoria idiopática, seguidos en la consulta protocolizada de Reumatología del Hospital Clínico Quirúrgico Hermanos Ameijeiras entre enero 2016 y enero 2017. Para las variables cualitativas se calcularon los porcentajes de cada grupo. Se utilizó Chi-cuadrado de Pearson (estadístico exacto de Fisher). Nivel de significación del 95 por ciento (α = 0,05) para relacionar la presencia de anticuerpos y el tipo de miopatía así como la presencia de manifestaciones clínicas de MII. Resultados: El 80,8 por ciento fueron mujeres y 86,5 por ciento de procedencia urbana. La edad media al comienzo fue 42,8 ± 13,2 años, tiempo de demora al diagnóstico de 8,8 ± 7,0 meses, tiempo medio de evolución de la enfermedad de 7,5 ± 7,1 años. El 80,8 por ciento estaba en remisión, 50 por ciento tenía anticuerpos específicos. La hipertensión arterial se encontró en 28,8 por ciento de los pacientes y 23,1 por ciento presentó neumonía intersticial. La artritis estuvo presente en 96,2 por ciento. El 26,9 por ciento presentaron anticuerpos específicos Jo-1 y 21,2 por ciento Ro 52. Conclusiones: Predominaron los pacientes del sexo femenino en la cuarta década de la vida de procedencia urbana, los anticuerpos específicos encontrados más frecuentes fue el anti Jo-1, asociado a la presencia de neumopatía intersticial(AU)

Introduction: Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies constitute a group of muscle diseases characterized by chronic muscle weakness and muscle inflammation of unknown etiology. Objective: To identify the clinical and immunological characteristics and their relationship with organ damage in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Methods: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out in 52 patients with diagnosis of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy, followed in the protocolized consultation of Rheumatology at Hermanos Ameijeiras Clinical and Surgical Hospital from January 2016 to January 2017. For the qualitative variables, the percentages of each group were calculated. Pearson's Chi-square (Fisher's exact statistic) was used. 95percent significance level (α = 0.05) was used to relate the presence of antibodies and the type of myopathy as well as the presence of clinical manifestations of MII. Results: 80.8percent were women and 86.5percent of urban origin. The mean age at the beginning was 42.8 ± 13.2 years, time delay to diagnosis was 8.8 ± 7.0 months, mean time of evolution of the disease of 7.5 ± 7.1 years. 80.8percent were in remission, 50percent had specific antibodies. Hypertension was found in 28.8percent of the patients and 23.1percent had interstitial pneumonia. Arthritis was present in 96.2percent. 26.9percent had specific Jo1 antibodies and 21.2percent had Ro 52. Conclusions: Urban female patients in the fourth decade of life predominated, the most frequent specific antibodies found was anti-Jo-1, associated with the presence of interstitial lung disease(AU)

Evaluation of renal transplantation recipients those who do not use steroid with panel reactive antibody and donor specific antibody / Evaluación de receptores de trasplante renal que no usan esteroides con panel de anticuerpos reactivos y anticuerpos específicos del donante

ABSTRACT Background: Steroids are the mainstream drugs of immu- nosuppressive regimen in renal transplantation. They are successfully used on induction, maintenance and rejection treatment. Due to complications caused by steroids, treatments are switched to immunosuppressive agents. Graft dysfunction risk caused by reduced total immunosuppression disturbs clinicians very often. We documented the differences among patients by means of clinical presentation and PRA/DSA levels between patients who are using steroids and patients that were prescribed for steroid-free regimen. Methods: 82 individuals who did not use steroid and 52 patients on steroid treatment were included with similar rates of age, sex, primary renal disease, dialysis type, posttransplant follow-up duration and donor type. Pre and posttransplant PRA, DSA levels, posttransplant and current graft function and comorbidities were evaluated. Results: Individuals who do not use steroids were found to have a lower posttransplant creatinine level and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) compared to steroid users. Posttransplant and current spot urinary protein/creatinine rates were also lower in the steroid-free group. However DM, BKVN and induction therapy rates were higher in the steroid-free group. PRA and DSA levels were similar in both groups. On the other hand, posttransplant PRA-I levels were significantly higher in those with less steroid use time. Conclusions: Although steroid free regimens usually worry the clinicians, they can be preferred in patients with low immunological risk for rejection to avoid its side effects such as uncontrolled diabetes, obesity, musculoskeletal problems and cataracts.

RESUMEN Antecedentes: Los esteroides son los principales fármacos del régimen inmunosupresor en el trasplante renal. Se utilizan con éxito en tratamientos de inducción, mantenimiento y rechazo. Debido a las complicaciones causadas por los esteroides, los tratamientos se cambian a agentes inmunosupresores. El riesgo de disfunción del injerto causado por la reducción de la inmunosupresión total perturba a los médicos con mucha frecuencia. Documentamos la diferencia entre los pacientes por medio de la presentación clínica y los niveles de PRA/DSA en aquellos que utilizan esteroides y a los que se les prescribió un regimen sin esteroides. Material y métodos: Se incluyeron 82 individuos que no usaban esteroides y 52 pacientes en tratamiento con esteroides con tasas similares de edad, sexo, enfermedad renal primaria, tipo de diálisis, duración del seguimiento postrasplante y tipo de donante. Se evaluaron la ARP pre y postrasplante, los niveles de DSA, la función y comorbilidades postrasplante y actual del injerto. Resultados: Se encontró que las personas que no usan esteroides tienen un nivel de creatinina postrasplante y una tasa de filtración glomerular (TFG) más bajas en comparación con los usuarios de esteroides. Las tasas de proteína/creatinina urinarias postrasplante y puntuales actuales también fueron más bajas en el grupo sin esteroides. Sin embargo, las tasas de DM, BKVN y terapia de inducción fueron más altas en el grupo sin esteroides. Los niveles de PRA y DSA fueron similares en ambos grupos. Por otro lado, los niveles de PRA-I postrasplante fueron significativamente más altos en aquellos con menos tiempo de uso de esteroides. Conclusiones: Aunque los regimenes libres de esteroides suelen preocupar a los clínicos, pueden ser preferidos en pacientes con bajo riesgo inmunológico de rechazo para evitar sus efectos secundarios, como diabetes no controlada, obesidad, problemas musculoesqueléticos y cataratas.

Efectores pretendidamente específicos: problemáticas, tensiones y obstáculos para la construcción de redes de cuidados / Pretending to be specific effectors: problems, tensions and obstacles for the construction of care networks

El Hospital Interzonal Especializado en Toxicología y Salud Mental Reencuentro, del cual formamos parte como residentes posbásicos, no estuvo exento de las modificaciones que fueron necesarias implementar durante el período pandémico, en pos de garantizar la atención y acompañamiento de usuarios ya atendidos en el Hospital o demandas nuevas que comenzaban a llegar efecto de la situación sanitaria reinante. La virtualidad y los contactos telefónicos con lxs pacientes fueron los recursos principales para sostener la asistencia durante ese período. Este modo de acompañamiento a distancia facilitó el acceso de usuarixs que no se encontraban georreferenciados con la institución. La situación pandémica puso así de relieve una lógica de derivación al efector pretendidamente específico en determinada problemática, anteriormente imperante, aunque ahora acrecentada. Se dará cuenta en el presente escrito de las problemáticas, tensiones y obstáculos que nos hemos encontrado para la atención y la construcción de redes de cuidados en el territorio, de usuarixs de otros barrios y comunidades no georreferenciadas con el Hospital sede

Percepción de la salud por adultos mayores que realizan actividad física en un parque público de Cali, Colombia / Perception of health by older adults who perform physical activity in a public park in Cali, Colombia / Percepção da saúde pelos idosos que realizam atividade física num parque público em Cali, Colômbia

Resumen Objetivo: Comprender la percepción que sobre la salud tienen los adultos mayores que realizan actividad física en un parque público de Cali, Colombia. Metodología: Se llevó a cabo un estudio de caso cualitativo, con enfoque fenomenológico. El grupo de estudio estuvo conformado por siete adultos que realizan actividad física en el parque, seleccionados por muestreo propositivo por conveniencia. La técnica utilizada fue la entrevista en profundidad. Resultados: Se encontró que la percepción que sobre la salud tienen los adultos mayores es positiva y está relacionada con la independencia, la autonomía, el poder valerse por sí mismos, sentirse útiles y relacionarse con otras personas. Conclusión: La actividad física es utilizada por el adulto mayor para conservar la salud y como un pretexto para interactuar con sus pares, utilizar el tiempo libre y desarrollar tareas en pro de su comunidad

Abstract Objective: To understand the perception of health by older adults who perform physical activity in a public park in Cali, Colombia. Methodology: A qualitative case study was carried out with a phenomenological approach. The study group was made up of seven adults who perform physical activity in the park, selected by convenience and purposeful sampling. The technique used was the in-depth interview. Results: It was found that the perception that older adults have about health is positive and is related to independence, autonomy, being able to fend for themselves, feeling useful, and interacting with other people. Conclusion: Physical activity is used by the elderly to maintain health and as a pretext to interact with their peers, use their free time, and undertake tasks in favor of their community.

Resumo Objetivo: Compreender a percepção que os idosos que realizam atividade física num parque público em Cali, Colômbia, têm sobre a saúde. Metodologia: Foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa com análise fenomenológica. O grupo de estudo foi formado por sete adultos que realizam atividade física no parque, selecionados por amostragem propositiva por conveniência. A técnica utilizada foi entrevista em profundidade. Resultados: Encontrou-se que a percepção que os idosos têm sobre a saúde é positiva e está relacionada com a independência, a autonomia, o poder de se defenderem por si mesmos, sentirem-se úteis e relacionar-se com outras pessoas. Conclusão: A atividade física é usada pelo idoso para conservar a saúde e como um pretexto para interagir com seus pares, utilizar o tempo livre e desenvolver tarefas em prol da sua comunidade.

Conhecimentos e atitudes sobre o controle do Aedes aegypti em comunidades Quilombolas de Sergipe / Knowledge and attitudes on the control of Aedes aegypti in Quilombolas communities of Sergipe

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar conhecimentos e atitudes sobre o controle do Aedes aegypti dos quilombolas no Estado de Sergipe de acordo com as condições socioeconômicas, sanitárias e ambientais. Trata-se de estudo transversal quantitativo com 389 quilombolas, distribuídos proporcionalmente em 15 comunidades. Os quilombolas referiram ter acesso à Internet (78,9%), ao celular (84,4%) e possuíam água encanada (p < 0,0001). As atitudes de limpeza da calha (p = 0,014), da caixa d'água (p < 0,0001) e cuidados necessários com o entulho no quintal (p = 0,045) estão adequadas. Os conhecimentos sobre o controle do vetor (58,1%) e quais arboviroses são transmitidas por ele (69,2%) estavam adequados, 60,8% afirmaram possuírem conhecimentos sobre a proliferação do vetor e, portanto, executam atitudes para combatê-lo. Conclui-se que os quilombolas possuíam conhecimentos adequados e executam atitudes que podem levar ao controle do vetor, mesmo assim é necessária a incorporação de medidas educativas de caráter contínuo para a permanência dessas boas práticas.

The objective was to evaluate knowledge and attitudes about the control of Aedes aegypti of quilombolas in the state of Sergipe according to socioeconomic, sanitary and environmental conditions. Quantitative cross-sectional study with 389 quilombolas, proportionally distributed in 15 communities. Quilombolas reported having internet access (78.9%), mobile phones (84.4%) and running water (p < 0.0001). The attitudes of cleaning the gutter (p = 0.014), the water tank (p < 0.0001) and the care required with yard debris (p = 0.045) are adequate. Knowledge about vector control (58.1%) and which arboviruses are transmitted by it (69.2%) were adequate, 60.8% said they had knowledge about vector proliferation and, therefore, perform attitudes to combat lo. It is concluded that the quilombolas had adequate knowledge and perform attitudes that can lead to vector control. However, it is necessary to incorporate continuous educational measures for the permanence of these good practices.

Características clínicas, inmunológicas y daño de órganos en pacientes con miopatías inflamatorias idiopáticas / Clinical and immunological characteristics and organ damage in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies

RESUMEN Introducción: Las miopatías inflamatorias idiopáticas constituyen un grupo de enfermedades musculares caracterizadas por debilidad muscular crónica e inflamación muscular de etiología desconocida. Objetivo: Identificar las características clínicas e inmunológicas y daño de órganos en pacientes con miopatías inflamatorias idiopáticas. Método: Se realizó estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal en 52 pacientes con diagnóstico de miopatía inflamatoria idiopática, seguidos en la consulta protocolizada de Reumatología del Hospital Clínico Quirúrgico "Hermanos Ameijeiras" entre enero 2016 y enero 2017. Para las variables cualitativas se calcularon los porcentajes de cada grupo. Se utilizó Chi-cuadrado de Pearson (Estadístico exacto de Fisher), nivel de significación del 95 % (α=0,05) para relacionar la presencia de anticuerpos y el tipo de miopatía, así como la presencia de manifestaciones clínicas de miopatías inflamatorias idiopáticas. Resultados: Del total de pacientes estudiadas, 80,8 % fueron mujeres, 61,5 % de color de piel negra, 86,5 % de procedencia urbana. La edad media al comienzo fue 42,8 ± 13,2 años, tiempo de demora al diagnóstico de 8,8 ± 7,0 meses, tiempo medio de evolución de la enfermedad de 7,5 ± 7,1 años, 80,8 % estaban en remisión, 50 % tenía anticuerpos específicos. La hipertensión arterial se encontró en 28,8 % de los pacientes y 23,1 % presentó neumonía intersticial. La artritis estuvo presente en 96,2 %, 26,9 % presentaron anticuerpos específicos Jo1 y 21,2 % Ro 52. Conclusiones: Predominaron los pacientes del sexo femenino, en la cuarta década de la vida, de procedencia urbana. Los anticuerpos específicos encontrado con más frecuencia fue el anti Jo-1, que se asoció a la presencia de neumopatía intersticial.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies constitute a group of muscle diseases characterized by chronic muscle weakness and muscle inflammation of unknown etiology. Objective: To identify the clinical and immunological characteristics and organ damage in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Method: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out in 52 patients with diagnosis of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy, followed up in the protocolized service of Rheumatology at Hermanos Ameijeiras Clinical Surgical Hospital from January 2016 to January 2017. The qualitative variables were calculated with the percentages in each group. Pearson's Chi-square (Fisher's exact statistic) (95% significance level (α = 0.05) was used to relate the presence of antibodies and the type of myopathy as well as the presence of clinical manifestations of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Results: 80.8% were women of the total patients studied, 61.5% non-white skin color, 86.5% of urban origin. The mean age at the beginning was 42.8 ± 13.2 years, time delay to diagnosis was 8.8 ± 7.0 months, mean time of evolution of the disease of 7.5 ± 7.1 years. 80.8% were in remission, 50% had specific antibodies. Hypertension was found in 28.8% of the patients and 23.1% had interstitial pneumonia. Arthritis was present in 96.2%. We found 26.9% had specific Jo1 antibodies and 21.2% Ro 52. Conclusions: Urban origin female patients predominated, in their fourth decade of life, the more frequent specific antibodies found was anti Jo-1, which was associated with the presence of interstitial lung disease.

Abordaje histórico del proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje de Inglés con Fines Específicos en la carrera de Estomatología / Historical overview of the teaching and learning of English for special purposes in undergraduate dental training

Introducción: A través del tiempo la enseñanza-aprendizaje de Inglés con Fines Específicos en la carrera de Estomatología ha variado, en respuesta los procesos histórico-sociales que han supuesto cambios en el modelo de formación del estomatólogo. Objetivo: Describir la evolución de la enseñanza-aprendizaje de Inglés con Fines Específicos en la carrera de Estomatología en Cuba. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio histórico-descriptivo, desde marzo de 2017 hasta septiembre de 2019. Se recogió información a través de la entrevista a informantes clave y se revisaron artículos científicos relacionados con el tema de investigación, literatura básica de la carrera y otros documentos de relevancia. Se organizó la información cronológicamente y se agrupó en etapas a partir de hechos que han significado un cambio cualitativo en el desarrollo de la enseñanza-aprendizaje de Inglés con Fines Específicos en la carrera de Estomatología en Cuba. Resultados: La enseñanza-aprendizaje de Inglés con Fines Específicos en la carrera de Estomatología en Cuba se organizó en cuatro etapas. Se reveló la necesidad de concretar un objetivo instructivo general relacionado con el desarrollo de habilidades comunicativas profesionales en inglés y un programa adecuado a las funciones del profesional. La metodología de Inglés con Fines Específicos se ha perfeccionado, desde el aprendizaje memorístico hasta el uso del enfoque comunicativo. La evaluación se encamina hacia la evaluación formativa, aunque en su concepción aún se aprecian prácticas evaluativas tradicionales que no consideran su potencialidad como vehículo para el desarrollo de la competencia comunicativa profesional. Conclusiones: A pesar de que se han apreciado avances en la enseñanza-aprendizaje de Inglés con Fines Específicos en la carrera de Estomatología en Cuba, todavía se aprecian insuficiencias relacionadas con la falta de adecuación de los programas al modelo de profesional y el insuficiente aprovechamiento de la evaluación para favorecer el desarrollo de la competencia comunicativa profesional(AU)

Introduction: The teaching and learning of English for special purposes in undergraduate dental training has changed throughout time, in response to historical and social processes which have imposed changes on the dental training model. Objective: Describe the evolution of the teaching and learning of English for special purposes in undergraduate dental training in Cuba. Methods: A historical-descriptive study was conducted from March 2017 to September 2019. Information was collected from interviews with key informants, and a review was carried out of scientific papers related to the study topic, basic undergraduate bibliography and other relevant documents. The data were ordered chronologically and grouped into periods based on milestones implying a qualitative change in the development of the teaching and learning of English for special purposes in undergraduate dental training in Cuba. Results: The teaching and learning of English for special purposes in undergraduate dental training in Cuba was arranged into four periods. It was found that it is necessary to define a general instructional objective related to the development of professional communicative skills in English, as well as a syllabus adjusted to the functions of professionals. The teaching methodology of English for special purposes has evolved from rote learning to the use of a communicative approach. Evaluation is now aimed at formative assessment, though traditional evaluation practices are still found in its design which do not consider its potential as a vehicle for the development of professional communicative competence. Conclusions: Despite the progress achieved by the teaching and learning of English for special purposes in undergraduate dental training in Cuba, deficiencies are still found which have to do with scarce adjustment of syllabuses to the professional model and insufficient use of evaluation to foster the development of professional communicative competence(AU)

Situación de salud en una comunidad afrocolombiana sobreviviente a la masacre de Bojayá, Chocó / Health Status within an Afro-Colombian Community Survivor of the Bojayá Massacre, Chocó / Situação de saúde em uma comunidade afro colombiana sobrevivente ao massacre de Bojayá, Chocó

Resumen Objetivo: En el marco del proyecto de extensión solidaria universitaria "Laboratorio de salud rural e intercultural comunidad de Bojayá, Chocó", este artículo presenta los resultados correspondientes a la fase de diagnóstico individual y la aproximación inicial al diagnóstico colectivo de la situación de salud presente en un colectivo afrocolombiano sobreviviente a una masacre emblemática ocurrida en Colombia. Metodología: Exploración preliminar y elementos de diagnóstico comunitario con 66 sobrevivientes de la masacre del 2 de mayo de 2002 en el poblado de Bellavista, en el municipio de Bojayá, Chocó. Resultados: Se identificaron condiciones socioeconómicas deficientes, diagnósticos clínicos desatendidos, y se efectuó la aproximación inicial a potencialidades disponibles para el afrontamiento de las necesidades en salud individuales y colectivas de la población abordada, representadas en saberes comunitarios y posibilidad de acceso a programas y servicios institucionales en salud para víctimas. Conclusiones: Pese a que transcurrieron más de 15 años desde el momento de ocurrencia de la masacre de Bojayá hasta nuestro trabajo con la comunidad, se encontró persistencia de múltiples necesidades insatisfechas que afectan negativamente la situación de salud individual y colectiva, sin adecuada ni oportuna intervención. Cualquier acción futura que se plantee para atender tales asuntos debe tomar en cuenta las condiciones histórico-sociales que configuran los procesos de salud-enfermedad-cuidado en dicha comunidad.

Abstract Objective: Within the framework of the project of solidary continuing education "Laboratory of rural and intercultural health community of Bojayá, Chocó", this paper presents the results of the individual diagnostic phase and the initial approach to the collective diagnosis of the health status diagnosis presented in an Afro-Colombian group surviving to a notorious massacre occurred in Colombia. Methodology: Preliminary exploration and community diagnosis elements with 66 survivors of the massacre occurred on May 2, 2002 in the Bellavista village, in the municipality of Bojayá, Chocó. Results: Deficient socio-economic conditions and neglected clinical diagnosis were identified. An initial approach to the available potentialities to face the individual and collective health needs of the approached population was made, represented by community knowledge and accessibility to institutional programs and health services for victims. Conclusions: Although more than 15 years have passed from the occurrence of the Bojayá massacre until our work with the community began, the persistence of numerous unsatisfied needs that negatively affect the individual and collective health status, without adequate and timely intervention, was found. Any further action looking to address such matters should take into account the socio-historical conditions that define the health-illness-care process in that community.

Resumo Objetivo: No âmbito do projeto de extensão solidária universitária "Laboratório de saúde rural e intercultural comunidade de Bojayá, Chocó", este artigo apresenta os resultados correspondentes à fase de diagnóstico individual e a aproximação inicial ao diagnóstico coletivo da situação de saúde presente num coletivo afro colombiano sobrevivente a um massacre emblemático ocorrido na Colômbia. Metodologia: Exploração preliminar e elementos de diagnóstico comunitário com 66 sobreviventes do massacre de 2 de maio de 2002 no povoado de Bellavista, no município de Bojayá, Chocó. Resultados: Foram identificadas condições socioeconômicas deficientes, diagnósticos clínicos negligenciados e efetuou-se a aproximação inicial a disponíveis potencialidades para o enfrentamento das necessidades em saúde individuais e coletivas da população abordada, representadas em saberes comunitários e possibilidade de acesso a programas e serviços institucionais em saúde para vítimas. Conclusões: Apesar do fato de que se passaram 15 anos do acontecimento do massacre de Bojayá até o nosso trabalho com a comunidade, foi encontrada a persistência de múltiplas necessidades insatisfeitas que afetam de forma negativa a situação de saúde individual e coletiva, sem intervenção adequada e oportuna. Qualquer ação futura planejada para atender tais assuntos, deve considerar as condições histórico-sociais que caracterizam os processos de saúde-doença-cuidado em tal comunidade.

Pilot Study Using Recombinant Antigens r-PROE and r-IGLL1 for the Serodiagnosis of Feather Duvet Lung.

BACKGROUND: Feather duvet lung (FDL) is an underestimated form of acute and chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Serological tests for FDL need to be validated. We investigated the ability of recombinant pigeon Proproteinase E (r-PROE) and Immunoglobulin-lambda-like-polypeptide-1 (r-IGLL1) proteins to support the serological diagnosis of FDL, and propose them as a serological tool for clinicians to differentiate cases from FDL and Bird fancier's lung (BFL). METHODS: Specific IgG antibodies against r-PROE and r-IGLL1, analyzed with ELISA, were measured in patients diagnosed with FDL (n=31), BFL (n=15) controls exposed (n=15) and unexposed to feathers (n=15). RESULTS: The sensitivity and specificity of the r-PROE ELISA for the serological diagnosis of FDL cases versus exposed and unexposed controls were 74.2% and 86.7% respectively, with an index threshold of 0.5 (AUC: 0.89). In addition, this serological test was effective to support the serological diagnosis of FDL and BFL cases with significantly different thresholds. The r-IGLL1 ELISA was only effective for the serological diagnosis of BFL. Also, these two serological tests were useful for the diagnosis of both chronic and acute forms. CONCLUSIONS: The new diagnostic test for FDL using r-PROE protein should help to detect overt and hidden cases of FDL. The combination of both test will help the clinician in distinguish between the etiology of birds or feathers duvet.